The EB-1A and EB-1B are both categories of the EB-1 employment-based green card for individuals seeking permanent residence in the U.S., but they differ in eligibility requirements and the type of individuals they are designed for. Here’s a comparison:
EB-1A (Extraordinary Ability)
- Eligibility: This category is for individuals who can demonstrate extraordinary ability in their field, such as science, arts, education, business, or athletics. Applicants must show sustained national or international acclaim and recognition in their field.
- Evidence: The applicant must provide evidence of their extraordinary ability, such as awards, publications, media coverage, and other accomplishments. There are specific criteria outlined by USCIS (e.g., winning major awards like an Olympic gold medal, or meeting at least 3 of 10 criteria such as being published in professional journals, having significant contributions, etc.).
- Self-petition: EB-1A applicants do not need a sponsor (employer) and can self-petition for their green card.
- No Job Offer Needed: The applicant does not need a permanent job offer, and they can work in any field related to their extraordinary ability.
EB-1B (Outstanding Professors and Researchers)
- Eligibility: This category is specifically for outstanding professors and researchers who have at least 3 years of experience in teaching or research and have a job offer for a permanent position in a university or research institution in the U.S.
- Evidence: Applicants must show that they are internationally recognized in their academic field. They need to provide documentation such as significant research contributions, publications, citations, awards, and recommendation letters from experts in the field.
- Employer Sponsorship: Unlike EB-1A, the EB-1B requires a job offer from a U.S. employer (academic institution or research organization). The employer must file the petition on behalf of the applicant.
- Job Offer Requirement: A permanent, full-time job offer is necessary in a position that requires the applicant’s expertise.
Summary of Key Differences:
- Target Group: EB-1A is for individuals with extraordinary ability across various fields, while EB-1B is for outstanding professors and researchers.
- Sponsorship: EB-1A allows self-petitioning, whereas EB-1B requires employer sponsorship.
- Evidence of Achievement: EB-1A requires proof of extraordinary ability, while EB-1B focuses on academic achievements in teaching and research.